WEST JAVA

WEST JAVA

West Java has the easiest access to Jakarta being merely an enclave in this province. Stretching from the Sunda Strait to the Central Java border, a mountain range passes through the center from east to west and peaks into smoldering volcanoes.

This province has its own unique culture and language, both called Sundanese which is also used to call its people. The ancient Kingdoms of Tarumanegara, Pajajaran, Banten and Cirebon could be interesting studies for student of archeology Cirebon is located on the border between West and Central Java, having a mixed culture originating from the ancient Cirebon and Banten Kingdoms, resulting is similar costumes and dialects of the two people, although Banten is located at the extreme western part of the province.

Bandung is situated 180 km southeast of Jakarta. The city gamed fame in 1955 as the venue for the first afro-Asia Conference which brought together to leaders of 29 Asian and African nations with the aim to promote economic and culture relations and take a common stand against colonialism.

The province has a great number of attractions, from the wildlife reserve of Ujung Kulon on the South-Western tip of Java and the isolated communities of the mysterious Baduy to the unspoiled beaches, the royal palace of Cirebon and the world renowned botanical garden in Bogor.

The road from Jakarta to Bandung passes through a beautiful panorama of mountains, paddy fields and small holiday resorts. An exprresway connects the crowded capital city with Bogor and mountain areas and onward to Bandung.

It has a number of sea resorts on its western and southern coasts which have modern hotels and are popular during the weekends.

The Sundanese people are soft-spoken. The women of the Bandung region are known for their beauty. A lighthearted people who have a love for bright colors, their mournful “Kecapi” music is memory of beautiful legends.

West Java (Indonesian: Jawa Barat), with population around 35.72 million, is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. Its capital city is Bandung.

History

The Family Tree of the Kingdom in Pasundan

SALAKANAGARA (the capital city in Lada Paneglang Bay (RAJATAPURA))

TARUMANAGARA (the capital city in Bekasi (TARUMANGARA) and Bogor (SUNDAPURA))

SUNDA GALUH (the capital city in Bogor (PAKUAN); Kuningan (SAUNGGALAH); Ciamis (KAWALI))

PAJAJARAN (the capital city in Bogor (PAKUAN))

Salakanagara

Rajatapura or Salakanagara (the Gold City) is written in the script of Wangsakerta as the oldest city in Java. The early powerful prominent figure here was Aki Tirem. Purportedly this was the city which was called Argyre by Ptolemeus in 150 M, located in Lada Pandeglang Bay area. This city became the government central of the Dewawarman Kings until 362 M (from Dewawarman I – VIII).

Tarumanagara

Jayasingawarman (358 – 382 M), the founder of Tarumanegara was King Dewawarman VIII’s son in law. He was a Marahesi from Salankayana in India who flee to Nusantara because his city was attacked and conquered by the Great Samudragupta from Magada Kingdom. After Jayasingawarman built Tarumanagara, the government central was moved from Rajatapura to Tarumanagara. Salakanagara then changed into a District Kingdom. Jayasingawarman was buried by the side of Gomati River (Bekasi).

Dharmayawarman (382 – 395 M) was buried by the side of Candrabaga River.

Purnawarman (395 – 434 M). He developed a new Kingdom’s capital city in the year of 397 which was located closer to the beach and he named it “Sundapura”. The name of Sunda started to be used by the Great Purnawarman in 397 M to call the Kingdom’s capital city he built. The Pustaka Nusantara (book), parwa II sarga 3 (page 159-162) stated that beyond the power of Purnawarman there was 48 district King which was spread from Salakanagara or Rajatapura (in Lada Pandeglang Bay area) until Purwalingga (now is Purbalingga?) in Central Java. Traditionally Ci Pamali (the Brebes River) was claimed as the power border of the West Java powerful kings in the past.

Wisnuwarman (434 – 455)

Indrawarman (455 – 515)

Candrawarman (515 – 535 M)

Suryawarman (535 – 561 M)

Suryawarman was not only continuing his father political prudence which giving him much more belief to the district king to run their own government, but also put his attention to the western. In 562 M, in example, Manikmaya, Suryawarman’s son in law, built a new kingdom in Kendan, in Nagreg between Bandung and Limbangan, Garut. While Manikmaya’s son, lives with his grandfather in Tarumanagara capital city and then became the Commander Infantry Force of Tarumanagara. The development of the western became more developing when Manikmaya’s great grandson built the Galuh Kingdom in 612 M.

Kertawarman (561 – 628)

Sudhawarman (628 – 639)

Hariwangsawarman (639 – 640)

Nagajayawarman (640 – 666)

Linggawarman (666 – 669)

Tarumanagara himself only underwent a government period of 12 Kings. In 669, Linggawarman, the last Tarumanagara’s King, was throne by his son in law, Tarusbawa. Linggawarman had two daughters. The oldest was Manasih, wife of Tarusbawa and the youngest Sobakancana, wife of Dapuntahyang Sri Jayasana the founder of Sriwijaya Kingdom.

TARUSBAWA (669 – 723 M)

Tarusbawa came from the Kingdom of Sunda Sambawa, throne his father in law became the King of Tarumanagara the 13th. Because of the Tarumanagara’s fame had became so down, he wanted to take back the glory of Purnawarman period which located in Purasaba (capital city) Sundapura. In 670 M he changed the name of TArumanagara became Sunda Kingdom. This phenomenon got Wretikandayun, Manikmaya’s great grandson, to separated Galuh Kingdom from the power of Tarusbawa. Because the Crown Prince Galuh (SENA or SANNA) was matched to Sanaha, daughter of Maharani Sima from Kalingga Kingdom, Jepara, Central Java, then by the support of Kalingga, Wretikandayun forced Tarusbawa to break into two Tarumanagara ex-area. In weak position of avoiding a city war, Tarusbawa accepted Galuh. In 670 M Tarumanagara’s area was separated into two Kingdom; Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom with Citarum as the border.

Sunda Galuh Kingdom

TARUSBAWA (670 – 723 M)

The Great Tarusbawa then built a new Kingdom’s capital city, in the depth near Cipakancilan upper course. In the story of Parahiyangan, the character of Tarusbawa was only called with his title: Tohaan in Sunda (the King of Sunda). He became the ancestor of the Sunda Kings and ran the kingdom until 723 M. because the crown prince wad dead before Tarusbawa, daughter of the crown prince (named Tejakancana) then was adopted as a child and the heir of the kingdom. The princess’s husband throne Tarusbawa to be the Sunda King in 723 M. sanjaya / Rakeyan Jamri / Prabu (the Sovereign) Harisdama (723 – 732 M) the great grandson of Wretikandayun named Rakeyan Jamri. As the King of Sunda Kingdom, he was famous with the name Prabu Harisdama and then after conquered Galuh Kingdom he was more famous with the name Sanjaya. Mother of Sanjaya was SAHANA, granddaughter of the Great Queen SIMA from Kalingga, in Jepara. Father of Sanjaya was Bratasenawa ? SENA / SANNA, King Galuh the 3rd, Tarusbawa’s best friend. Sena was Wretikandayung’s grandson from his youngest son, Mandiminyak, King Galuh the 2nd (702 – 709 M). sena in the year 716 M was carried up a coup d’etat from his throne by PURBASORA. Purbasora and Sena was actually brothers with one mother, and two fathers. Sena and his family ranaway to save theirselves to Pakuan, the central of Sunda Kingdom, and asked Tarusbawa’s help. Indeed, it’s ironic for Wretikandayun, Sena’s grandfather, forced Tarusbawa to separate Galuh Kingdom from Tarumanagara / Sunda Kingdom. Fot the other day, the official King of Galuh Kingdom, attacked Galuh with the help of Tarusbawa, to take down Purbasora and then became the King of the Sunda Galuh Kingdom.

As the heir of Kalingga, SANJAYA became the aster of northern Kalingga which was called Bumi MATARAM in 732 M. in other words, Sanjaya was master of Sunda, Galuh and Kalingga /Matara Kingdom (Hindhu). The authority in west Java he gave it to his son from Tejakencana, Tamperan or Rakeyan Panaraban.

Tamperan barmawijaya / Rakeyan Panaraban (732 – 739 M) was a one-father brother Rakai Panangkaran, King of Mataram Kindom (Hindhu) the 2nd, son of Sanjaya from Sudiwara princess Dewasinga, King of Southern Kalingga or Bumi SAMBARA.

Rakeyan Banga (739 – 766 M)

Rakeyan Medang Prabu Hulukujang (766 – 783 M)

Prabu Gilingwesi, son in law no. 5 (783 – 795 M)

Pucukbumi Darmeswara, son in law no. 6 (795 – 819 M)

Prabu Gajah Kulon Rakeyan Wuwus (819 – 891 M)

Prabu Darmaraksa (brother in law no.8 (891 – 895 M))

Windusakti Prabu Dewageng (895 – 913 M)

Rakeyan Kemuning Gading Prabu Pucukwesi (913 – 916 M)

Rakeyan Jayagiri Praby Wanayasa, son in law no.11 (916 – 942 M)

Prabu Resi Atmayadarma Hariwangsa (942 – 954 M)

Limbur Kancana, son no. 11 (954 – 964 M)

Prabu Munding Gunawirya (964 – 973 M)

Prabu Jayagiri Rakeyan Wulung Gadung (973 – 989 M)

Prabu Brajawisea (989 – 1012 M)

Prabu Dewa Sanghyang (1012 – 1019 M)

Prabu Sanghyang Ageng (1019 – 1030 M), lived in Galuh.

Prabu Detya the Great King Sri Jayabupati (1030 – 1042 M) lived in Pakuan. At the time Sriwijaya / Malay people became frighten nightmare. Sunda Galuh kingdom marries his 19th king, Prabu Sanghyang Ageng (father of Sri Jayabupati) with Sriwijaya princess to avoid a conflict with this kingdom. Therefore, mother of Sri jayabupati was a princess of Sriwijaya and still a close family of King WURAWURI. Consort of the king Sri Jayabupati was princess Dharmawangsa (sister of Dewi LAKSMI, Airlangga’s wife). Because of this marriage, Jayabupati got a title from his father in law (DHARMAWANGSA). That title was written on the Cibadak Stone. King Sri Jayabupati had ever got a tragic incident. As the Sunda crown prince heir of Sriwijaya and son in law of Dharmawangsa, he had to witness a terrible fight betweenSriwijaya and his father in law(Dharmawangsa). At the critical peak he just became an ‘onlooker’ and was forced to stay still in disappointment because he had to ‘watch’ Dharmawangsa was attacke and killed by King Wurawuri by the support of Sriwijaya. He had known before about the attacked from Sriwijaya, but his father and he were threathened to be netral in that case. Wurawuri’s attack which in in the Calcuta Stone was called Pralaya happened in 1019 M. sriwijaya also destroyed in 1025 M because of the attacked from Chola Kingdom from India.

In 1088, Melayu Jambi Kingdom conquered Sriwijaya, and became powerful for two hundreds years. The next two centuries, both kingdom were conquered by Singosari Kingdom by the era of King Kertanegara, with sending Senopati (Commander in Chief) Mahisa / Kebo / Lembu ANABRANG, in expedition PAMALAYU 1 and 2, with a consideration to make the voyage line in Malaka Peninsula which was so disturbed of pirates after the down of Sriwijaya in 1025 save. Mahisa Anabrang who’s married DARA JINGGA (daughter of King Melayu Jambi Kingdom, MAULIWARMADHEWA), was father of Adityawarman, the founder of Pagaruyung Kingdom. Dara Jingga was also known as BUNDO KANDUANG in the history of Pagaruyung Kingdom or Minangkabau. Perhaps the words MINANG-KABAU came from the existment of KEBO (KEBO / Mahisa / Lembu ANABRANG) which tried to purposed (MINANG) the King’s daughter of Dharmasraya Kingdom / Melayu Jambi Kingdom.

King Sunda the 21st lived in Galuh

King Sunda 22nd lived in Pakuan

King Sunda 23rd lived in Pakuan

King Sunda 24th lived in Galuh.

PRABU GURU DHARMASIKSA, in the early year lived in Saunggalah, then moved to Pakuan.

RAKEYAN JAYADARMA, lived in Pakuan. According to PUSTAKA RAJYARAJYA I BHUMI NUSANTARA parwa II sarga 3; RAKEYAN JAYADARMA was the son in law of MAHISA CAMPAKA in East Java because he was matched with MAHISA CAMPAKA’s daughter named DYAH SINGAMURTI as known as DYAH LEMBU TAL. Mahisa Campaka was son of MAHISA WONGATELENG, which was son of KEN AROK and KEN DEDES from the Singasari Kingdom. Rakeyan Jayadarma and Dyah Lembu Tal has a son SANG NARARYA SANGGRAMAWIJAYA or more known as RADEN WIJAYA (born in Pakuan). In other words, Raden Wijaya was the 4rt inherit from Ken Arok and Ken Dedes. Because Jayadarma was dead in a young age, Lebu Tal didn’t want to live any longer in Pakuan. At last Wijaya and his mother were carriedto the east Java. In BABAD TANAH JAWI, Wijaya was also called JAKA SUSURUH from PAJAJARAN which then became the first king of MAJAPAHIT. The dead of Jayadara got an empty seat of the crown prince because Wijaya was in East Java. An actually, RADEN WIJAYA, the first King of MAJAPAHIT, was the official heir of the Sunda Kingdom throne the 27th.

Prabu Ragasuci (1297 – 1303 M) lived in Saunggalah and was buried in Taman, Ciamis. Ragasuci actually wasn’t the crown prince because that seat was throne by his brother RAKEYAN JAYADARMA. Ragasuci’s wife was DARA PUSPA (princess of Melayu Kingdom) sister of DARA KENCANA , wife of KERTANEGARA, from SINGASARI kingdom in east Java.

Prabu Citraganda (1303 -1311 M) lived in Pakua. When he died he was buried in Tanjung.

Prabu Lingga Dewata (1311 – 1333 M), lived in Kawali.

Prabu Ajiguna Wisesa (1333 – 1340 M), lived in Kawali, was the son in law of Prabu Lingga Dewata. Until 1482 the fixed government central was still there. It could be said that by the year 1333 – 1482 was the KAWALI ERA in the government history in west java and had known 5 kings. Different from Galuh, the name Kawali was written in 2 stones left by PRABU RAJA WASTU which was saved in “ASTANA GEDE” Kawali. In that stone was stated “mangadeg di Kuta Kawali” (throne in the City Kawali) and the palace was called SURAWISEA which was explained as “Dalem Sipawindu hurip” (the palace which gave a life calm).

Prabu the Great King Lingga Buana (1340 – 1357)

MANGKUBUMI SURADIPATI or PRABU BUNISORA, brother of Prabu Lingga Buana. Someone called PRABU KUDA LALEAN. In BABAD PANJALU he ws called PRABU BOROSNGORA. He also known as BATARA GURU in Jampang because he was a skilled hermit and resi (ascetic).

Prabu Raja Wastu or Niskala Wastu kancana (1371 – 1475). He was son of Prabu Lingga Buanam was throne as a king in 1371 at the age of 23. his first wife LARA SARKATI, the Lampung princess. From this marriage, SANG HALIWUNGAN was born (after throne as a Sunda King with a title PRABU SUSUKTUNGGAL). The second wife was MAYANGSARI, the oldest daughter of Bunisoraor Mangkubumi Suradipati. From this marriage NINGRAT KANCANA was born (after became the King of galuh Kingdom titled PRABU DEWA NISKALA). After Wastu Kancana was dead in 1475, the kingdom was broken into two between Susuktunggal and Dewa Niskala in the same seat. the unity area politic had made the marriage braided inter Wastu Kencana grandchildren. JAYADEWATA, son of Dewa Niskala firstly married AMBETKASIH (daughter of KI GEDENG SINDANGKASIH). Then he married SUBANGLARANG (daughter of KI GEDENG TAPA who becase the King of Singapura). Subanglarang was graduate from the Koranic School QURO in PURA, Karawang. She was a Moslem, student of SYEKH HASANUDIN who followed MAHZAB HANAFI. The Koranic School of Qura in Karawang was built in 1416 in the government era of Wastu kancana. Subanglarang studied here for two years. She was the grandmother of SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH. Then married KENTRING MANIK MAYANG SUNDA, daughter of Prabu Susuktunggal. Then King Sunda and King Galuh who had one father became besan (a relationship between parents whose children are married). In 1482, Prabu Dewa Niskala gave the Galuh Kingdom throne to his son Jayadewa. Prabu Susuktunggal also did the same thing to his son law (Jayadewata). With the event in1482, the Kingdom that Wastu Kancana left back into the hand of JAYADEWATA decided to be located in Pakuan as a “susuhunan” (title of the ruler of surakarta)because he had stad there for a long time to run the government for his father in law. Once again Pakuan because the government central Pajajaran era firstly by the King Jayadewata with thetitle Sri Baduga Maharaja who lead he kingdom for 39 years (1482 – 1521). At this era Pakuan reached his top development.

The Sunda Kings who became a king in Mataram and Majapahit

There are two official heir if the Sunda Kingdom throne who became a great king in Central and East Java.

Sanjaya /Rakeyan Jamri / Prabu Harisdama, the second king of Sunda Kingdom (723 – 732 M) became the king in Mataram Kingdom (Hindhu) (732 – 760 M). he was the founder of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom, and also the founder of Wangsa Sanjaya.

Raden Wijaya, the official heir of the 27th Sunda Kingdom, became the first King of Majapahit

(1293 – 1309 M)

Pajajaran

Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482 – 1521)

Surawisesa (1521 – 1535)

Ratu Dewata (1535 – 1543)

Ratu Sakti (1543 – 1551)

Raga Mulya (1567 – 1579)

The end of the Pajajaran era (!482 – 1579) was signed with the moving of PALANGKA SRIMAN SRIWACANA (the seat of the throne) from Pakua to Surasowan in Banten by Maulana Yusuf troops. The 200 x 160 x 20 cm shape stone was forced to be moved to Banten because if that time political tradition that “compel” it.

First, with the taking force of the Palangka, there would be no any King in Pakuan.

Second, with owning the Palangka, Maulana Yusuf was the official continuer of the Pajajaran Kingdom because his Great Grandmother was the daughter of Sri Baduga Maharaja.

Palangka Sriman Sriwacana can be found in front of the ex Surasowan Palacen in Banten today. Because of it’s shinning, Baten’s people call it WATU GIGILANG. The word gigilang means shining or beaming, the same meaning with the word Sriman.

Sundanese

The Sundane is used by more than 27 million people and is the second most usable language in Indonesia after Javanese. This language is used by them who live in northern Banten province and most people in west Java.

There are some dialects in Sundanese, from the Sunda-Banten dialect to the Sunda-Central Javas dialect which mix many elements from Javanese.

Some dialects that clearly heard are Banten, Bogor, Priangan and Cirebon.

Caused by the Java’s culture influence in the government of Mataram Kasultanan (kingdom), the Sundanese, especially in Parahyangan area, had some layer firatly begin with the most formal language, or “soft” version, until the daily saying which is called “Ioma” or “lancaran”

But in the mountain area and in Banten, “Iama” version was the most usable but this saying was claimed to be rude by they who came from Bandung.

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Folk Legend and Stories

There are folk legend and folktales transcribed from Pantun Sunda stories). Among the most well known folk legends and stories are:

* Sangkuriang, which tells the story of the creation of Mount Tangkuban Parahu and the ancient lake Bandung.[10]
* Mundinglaya Dikusumah, which tells of Mundinglaya visiting Jabaning Langit to find layang Salaka Domas. It is a symbolic story of Surawisesa visiting Malaka to establish a pace treaty with Portuguese before 1522.
* Lutung Kasarung, tells the life of a beautiful princes, in the era of Pasir Batang kingdom, a vassal of Sunda kingdom. She faces the evil of her older sister willing to seize her right as a queen.
* Ciung Wanara, tells of the fight of two princes of Sunda kingdom and the history of Brebes river or Cipamali river as a boundary between Sunda and Java territories.

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Literature

Old Sundanese literature, among others, are:

* Bujangga Manik, which was wtitten on 29 palm leaves and kept in the Bodleian Library in Oxford since 1627, mentioning more than 450 names of places, regions, rivers and mountains situated on Java island, Bali island and Sumatra island.
* Carita Parahyangan, telling Sundanese kings and kingdoms from the pre-Islamic period.
* Siksakandang Karesian, providing the reader with all kinds of religious and moralistic rules, prescriptions and lessons.

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Government

West Java is subdivided into regencies (kabupaten), each with a local capital:

* Bogor Regency, Cibinong
* Sukabumi Regency, Pelabuhan Ratu
* Cianjur Regency, Cianjur
* Bandung Regency, Soreang
* Garut Regency, Garut
* Tasikmalaya Regency, Tasikmalaya
* Ciamis Regency, Ciamis
* Kuningan Regency, Kuningan
* Cirebon Regency, Sumber
* Majalengka Regency, Majalengka
* Sumedang Regency, Sumedang
* Indramayu Regency, Indramayu
* Subang Regency, Subang
* Purwakarta Regency, Purwakarta
* Karawang Regency, Karawang
* Bekasi Regency, Bekasi

List of cities (kota) in West Java:

* Bogor
* Sukabumi
* Bandung
* Cirebon
* Bekasi
* Depok
* Cimahi
* Tasikmalaya
* Banjar

* BANDUNG

The capital is situated on a plateu 768 meters above sea level with a cool climate throughout the year. Although it has a population of over two millions the pace of city life is slower than Jakarta’s.

Several institutes of higher education are located her, including the Country’s prestigious Bandung Institute of Technology. There are short drives up to the mountain resorts of Lembang and the Boscha Observatory and higher to the volcanic crater of Tangkuban Perahu, the only crater in Java accessible all the way by car as far as its rim. It is an Awe-inspiring sight of emanating sulfur fumes. Descent into all to the Volcano’s 12 craters is only possible with the aid of an experienced guide, because of the presence of suffocating gases at certain spots.

Just a 15 minutes drive from Tangkuban Perahu is a hot springs resort. Here you can swim in warm mineral water pools, good for health skin problems.

The resort provides visitors with a bar, restaurants, tennis courts, and cottage style hotels overlooking a beautiful mountain-scape.

In Bandung, try to see the “Wayang Golek” wooden puppet show and hear the “Angklung” bamboo orchestra, as well as the classical Sundanese Gamelan and dances.

Places Of Interest

* CIATER HOT SPRING

Hot Spring Ciater Resort where you could enjoy swimming in warm sulfur water pools is good for healing rheumatism and skin problems.

* TANGKUBAN PERAHU CRATER

A volcano which means a hulk of overturned boat This is the only crater in Java accessible all the way by car as far as it’s rim. You can have a breathtaking view by standing on the rim of far from its active & smoldering crater.
A long time ago, the ancient land of Sunda was ruled by a king and a queen who had but a single daughter. Her name was Dayang Sumbi. She was beautiful and clever but also pampered and spoiled.

One day as she was weaving in her pavilion, she became moody and distracted, which caused her to keep dropping her shuttle on the floor. Once when it fell she exclaimed she would marry the one who gave it back to her. At that very moment her dog Tumang, a demigod possessing magic powers, came up to her with the shuttle in his mouth. Dayang Sumbi had to marry him.

They lived happily together, and Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy, human in appearance but endowed with his father’s magic powers. She named him Sangkuriang. As the boy grew up, he was always guarded by the faithful dog Tumang, whom he knew only as a companion and not as his father, Sangkuriang became handsome and brave.

One day his mother asked him to go hunting with the dog and bring her venison for a feast. After hunting all day without success, Sangkuriang worried about facing his mother empty-handed. Desperate, he took an arrow and shot the dog. He returned home and handed over the meat to his pleased mother.

Soon after the feast, however, Dayang Sumbi questioned her son about the absence of Tumang. At first he evaded her queries but finally told her what had happened. She was horrified and struck her son so hard on the temple that he collapsed. For that, the old king banished his daughter from the court and she was made to roam around the kingdom. Sangkuriang recovered with a large scar on his temple, and he too left the court to wander about the world.

Years later, Sangkuriang met a beautiful woman and instantly fell in love with her. It was his own mother-they did not recognize each other. He pro¬posed to her and she agreed to marry him. On the day before the wedding, as she was caressing her fiancee’s hair, Dayang Sumbi detected the scar on the temple. Horror struck her, for she was about to marry her own son, Sang¬kuriang. Without revealing the whole truth to him, she tried unsuccessfully to dissuade him. Desperate to avoid the marriage, she set conditions she thought impossible to meet: Sangkuriang had to make a lake that filled the whole val¬ley and build a boat for the couple to sail in, all before dawn.

Sangkuriang started to work. His love gave him extraordinary strength, and he used his magic powers to summon the spirits to help him. With boul¬ders and mud they dammed the river in the valley and the water rose and began to form a lake. In the early morning hours he chopped down a huge tree in the forest and began hollowing it out to make a boat. When Dayang Sumbi saw that he was about to accomplish what she had thought impossi¬ble, she called on the gods to bring the sun up early and thwart Sangkuriang.

The cock crowed, the sun rose much earlier than usual, and Sangkuriang realized he had been deceived. In a fit of fury he cursed Dayang Sumbi and kicked the half-finished boat back into the forest. There it lies upside down today, forming the mountain Tangkuban Perahu (Upturned Boat). Not far away is the stump of the tree Sangkuriang had felled, now called Bukit Tunggul. The dam Sangkuriang had built caused the valley to become a lake, where both Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi drowned themselves. They were never heard of again.

* CIHAMPELAS

Commercial area which offers a huge collection of jeans and the most beautifully decorated shop.

* CIREBON

Traveling northeast from Bandung towards the coast, the seaport of Cirebon offers a wealth of culture and history. Situated by the border of west and central Java, it is a combination of both. There is an ancient royal cemetery where a holy Sultan was buried which has become a place for pilgrimage at the Astana Gunung Jati.

In the city itself, the ancient palaces (Kratons) of the Kasepuhan and Kanoman now serve as museum which are open to the public, exhibiting house ornaments, painting, caligraphy and other art treasures of the courts. The royal carriages are sumptons in design, one of them a gilded coach in the form of a winged elephant. Across the square from the Kasepuhan Kraton is the “Mesjid Agung” (Grand mosque) which is of a Javanese “Peak” Architecture and made entirely of wood. Cirebon is also known for it distinct batik, now a flourishing industry which may be seen in the village of Trusmi. Another specialty this city can offer you is a wide range of the seafood, probably the best in West Java.

Cirebon is also the name of a regency (similar to a county), Kabupaten Cirebon, a large area with a population of about 2.5 million people.

The Cirebon people refer to their area as Cerbon (CHER-bone), a word meaning “mixture” in reference to the mixture of Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic artistic and spiritual traditions that is the inspiration of Cirebon art and culture.Cirebon has its own unique classical architecture, batik textile, woodcarving, and reverse glass painting traditions. Cirebon music includes (among other genres) two kinds of gamelan: prawa and pelog; plus three archaic “proto gamelan” ensembles: gong renteng, denggung, and gong sekati. Cirebon is also known for its ancient topeng masked dance tradition, as well as two kinds of puppet theater: the wayang kulit shadow puppets, and the wayang golek rod puppets, sometimes called wayang cepak to differentiate it from the south central Javanese and Sundanese wayang golek traditions.
Chinese influences are readily apparent in the rock-and-cloud motif of Cirebonese art and Cirebon’s barong sai or lion dance. While Islam is central to Cirebonese identity, the exploits of the (originally) Hindu gods and culture heroes are enacted in the area’s popular shadow puppet theatre. Rites of thanksgiving to the spirits and propitiation to pre-Islamic ancestors are also held regularly in much of rural Cirebon. Some of the art forms practiced in the Cirebon region, such as gamelan and batik, are to be found elsewhere in Southeast Asia, though they are locally inflected in particularly Cirebonese ways. But many of Cirebon’s art forms, including several of its major theatrical genres, are unique to this area. Most have been neglected in the popular and scholarly literatures on Indonesia.

Visitors to Cirebon’s ancient keraton (royal courts) sometimes have the sense they have stepped back in time. The visual impact of the palace architecture is startling. With their dramatic gapura split gates and numerous ornately carved pagoda-like pavilions surrounded by mortarless red brick walls with inset Ming Dynasty Chinese plates, the Cirebon Keraton seem much closer to colorful Balinese Hindu temples than to the staid Muslim palaces of central Java. This is not surprising since they date back to the last days of Java’s Hindu era in the 1400’s. In fact, scholars believe Cirebon’s royal courts are a kind of “missing link” to Java’s Hindu past.

* Keraton Kasepuhan

Keraton Kasepuhan is generally considered the oldest of Cirebon’s three palaces. located at the site of the 15th century Pakung Wati, the palace of Cirebon’s first sultan, Sunan Gunung Jati. The palace maintains an impressive museum displaying the sultans’ iconic royal carriages (kereta kencana), heirloom keris daggers, dazzling woodcarvings, and several gamelan orchestras, the most important of which—the Gong Sekati, or Sekaten—is played twice a year in one of the numerous ancient Javanese pavilions on the palace grounds. The Yayasan Keraton Kasepuhan organization under P. R. Arief Natadiningrat has embarked on various programs to help promote and preserve Cirebon’s cultural heritage, including hosting Cirebon’s participants in the periodic national Keraton Festival.

* Keraton Kanoman

Keraton Kanoman is walking distance from Kasepuhan and boasts equal claims to antiquity and cultural importance. Along with its ancient Hindu-Javanese pavilions and gateways, Kanoman too has a museum displaying ancient Cirebon carriages, keris and gamelan, although their venerable Gong Sekati orchestra is not on public display. Keraton Kanoman has an active sanggar (art group) called Klapa Jajar, under the direction of Pangeran Agus Djoni.

But it is the smallest and youngest of the Cirebon three royal courts—Keraton Kacirebonan—that has really taken the lead in opening up and preserving Cirebon’s previously restricted royal cultural treasures. The late Pangeran Haji Yusuf Dendabrata, more well-known as Elang Yusuf, was a virtual renaissance man of Cirebon culture. In addition to being the Lurah Seni (Arts Director) and Patih (second in command to the Sultan) of his palace, Elang Yusuf was personally active in the revival of the Cirebon arts of gamelan music, traditional dance, wood carving, glass painting, batik cloth, Cirebon architecture, and shadow puppet theater, performing as dalang (puppet master) in the Kacirebonan Palace shortly before his death in 2000.

* THE PRINCE SUMEDANG FOUNDATION MUSEUM

Located in the pavilion of the Sumedang Regency building, in which relics of Sumedang’s ancestors such as gamelan, spears, crown and royal clothes are exhibited.

* PELABUHAN RATU BEACH

Formerly just a plain fishing village it has now grown into a lovely holiday resort, more and more visited by holiday makers from Jakarta and Bandung, a mere three-hours drive from either city through cool mountain villages with picturesque sceneries. Gradually but surely this area will catch up with the pace of development as is the case with Carita on the extreme West coast of Java. Pelabuhan Ratu-Cisolok is a 15 km stretch of of breathtaking beautiful with hills, mountain and very wide sandy beaches everywhere around you, set against the deep blue Indian Ocean. Truly rare is the fact that thick tropical forests on rolling hills are found right next to stretches of white beaches. Talking walks uphill enables the visitor to look down on the horseshoe shape of the bay’s coastline, whereas at night hundreds of fisherman’s boat-lamps are screamingly competing with the star-studded sky above, which is both enchanting and romantic. There is one four-star hotel.

At this virgin stage, This area represents unspoiled beauty in a typically tropical setting with hospitable inhabitants.

* CANGKUANG TEMPLE

Dating back to Java’s Hindu periode, the Cangkuang Temple is one of West Java’s oldest monuments. Beautifully situated near Leles north of Garut, Cangkuang is a magical visit back to old Sundanese roots.
From Bandung and back this outing takes five to six hours.A bamboo raft glides across a small lake overgrown with water lilies to the temple located on a peninsula. On the other side a flight of stairs leads through a grove of big old trees to the temple located on the hilltop.

Cangkuang is the old preserved building in West Java. Estimate of when it was built vary between the seventh and tenth century A.D, during the time of the Sunda kingdom of Galuh, remains of which can bee seen at Karang Kamulyaan. Dutch Archeological Service first reported the collapsed remains of the temple in 1914, but not until the 60’s was the site more closely investigated.

The temple door faces the rising sun. Inside is a statue of Siva itting on a cow, leading one to believe that the temple was devoted to Siva during Java’s Hindu era. Prior to reconstruction, the site was a place of worship and pilgrims often came here to lift one of the stones to obtain good luck.

* MANG UDJO ANGKLUNG WORKSHOP

One of the unique characteristics of this place is that traditional art performances are staged with a natural background of mountains, rice field and plantations. Bamboo handicraft and musical instruments are made and sole here. Mang Udj’s “Angklungs” are well-known because of his fine workmanship and exact tuning of these bamboo musical instruments.
In its stage, Angklung needs many personal. The instrument made from bamboo where its use by shaken down. That way the instruments will release unique sounds.The shape of angklung consists of two bamboo sticks on many shapes, which are balanced, with the need of frequencies of tone. Its shape is shaping look like Calung instrument. To get angklung tone is not by beat but by shaken it so that the touch of every element of Angklung body can produce a tone.Nowadays Angklung develop as Angklung in duotone that is developed by Daeng Soetigna. Because of it, Daeng Soetisna are well known in Karawitan Sunda as ‘Bapak Angklung Diatonis Kromatis’, who are an artist pioneering the changes of Angklung tone in Pentatonic (da-mi-na-ti-la-da in Salendro Key) such as growth in Banten (Pandeglang and Serang). In Banten, this new Angklung art is well known as Angklung Gubrag, Angklung Sered, or Angklung Buncis.In the last decade this Angklung art (duotone) become more popular and have a nice image in society especially at the middle to upper. In practice, this art is performing an orchestra (between 30 to 60 people) that is usually watch by government officer or in order to welcome guesses from inside or outside country.

* CALUNG

Initially, Calung isn’t a show performance as nowadays but a form of Waditra instrument that made from bamboo joint that is attached at left and right side. One end is bound to a pillar while another end is bound to the body of Calung beater.

* CELEMPUNGAN

This art consist of Kecapi Salendro, Rebab, Kendang, and Goong. All this instruments are needed for escort a Juru Kawih (singer); sometimes at the performance, it can be only by one instrument.
Songs can be classic salendro songs such as Bayu-Bayu, Kulu-Kulu, Bem, Sanga, Banjaran, Gendu, or also songs from new records.
All this long, Celempung Art can be classified into Kamer Art that is the art need more concentrate on appreciation such as Cianjuran Sundanese Song Art. Even though this Celempung Art often sing Cianjuran Panambih songs on Salendro key.

* DEGUNG AND KECAPIAN

Art Degung is one art sunda karawitan which used instrument gamelan harmony degung (more general harmony pelog ).

At first appearance, art degung, have songs ageung like Lambang, Pajajaran, beer layer, Bima mobos, Kodehel, Jipang prawa, Jipang karaton, Mayaselas, and others,
Degung kacapian performance
Degung kacapian performance

On developing, happen creation artist past contact, from creation composition based on positions, which basic able in song composition like catrik, kulu – kulu, sinyur, banjaran, bungur, belenderan, lalayaran, and others.From mentioned, so appear songs degung wanda anyar like song kayaking ( catrik ), nimang ( singur ), Asa tos tepang ( catrik ), anjeun ( mandiri ).Still artist creation, gamelan degung known add kecapi siter and can escort songs intonation sorog like potret manehna ,dua saati, kapaut imut, kacipta kapiati, bentang kuring.

Which aim art kacapian is Kawih art which used music instrument kecapi siter, Suling, Kendang, and Goong. Some times need to used Waditra Rebab.Altough this art more potencial even must have been escorted only with one instrument just kecapi siter.
Kecapian reach the top on Koko Koswara period or more than popular as Imut Melati Reumis Beureum Dina Eurih, Kembang Tanjung Panineungan, Dilangit Bandung Bulan keur Mayung, Angkrek Japati, Kembang Impian and others.

At developing this Wanda Kacapian experience develop that rapid enough trough artist creation like Nano.S., Ubun Kubarsyah, Yus wira direju, Iik Setiawan, Wahyu Roche, and others. So appear new songs created Nano.S. As Citarum Sariring Puspa, Bingbang, Tibelat, Praspris, Pengkolan, or song created Ubun and Yus as: Dalingding Asih, Duh ieung, Saha Eta, Bongan saha, yeuh bade ka mana, cimata kuring, Jempling peuting, and others,

Degung, and Kacapian Until now popular on society. Beside past shows and Passanggiri activity, the third art enough popular have been show in wedding reception. Under this is sphere art data between have second art material on top.

* BATU TULIS CIARUTEUN ( STONE INSCRIPTION )

An inscribed stone in the Sanskrit language originating in South India, which is a relic from Tarumanegara Kingdom during the reign of King Purnawarman in 450 A.D.

Located on the bank of the Ciaruteun river in Ciampea village which can be reached by driving along the 9-kilometer road from Bogor to Ciampea followed by going on foot for about two kilometers.

* KUDA RENGGONG

Kuda Renggong Art look like Singa Depok from Kabupaten Sumedang at the performance side.Both arts are escorted by music that is consisting of Kendang, Gong, Terompet and sing from Sinden. The show did by parading usually around neighborhood or protocol road.The same way with Singa Depok Art, Kuda Renggong Art usually do for celebrate circumcision celebration. The bride (in several places at West Java, the child who will be circumcise called circumcise bride) was making up in Wayang dress or Sunda Takwa dress and then rides a horse as similar as a king. Thus horse previously dressed because it will become a king rides.After finishing parade, the horse perform attractive that is guided by an expert. On music, Kuda Renggong will dance or do attractive movement that make audient amazed, such as lift both forelegs as high as possible at the same time dance with joy, or walk lilting as according to music accompaniment elapsing.

* GESREK

Gesrek is found at Kamongan compound, Pakenjeng village, Pamulihan sub-district, Garut Regency. This traditional art is also called arts of self banishment. The attraction shown by the players is playing chopping river, then stabbed to their stomacher and arms while demonstrating silat martial art, their tongues are sliced with out any wounds. Besides that the player is struck by a trunk of bamboo and rolling or walking on the fire.

The gesrek players consist of 10 people chopping knife holder, supported by 4-5 people functioning to provide instruments and guarding if there is someone else’s disturbance.

* CIANJURAN SONG

It is called as Cianjuran Sundanese song because it was born in Cianjur Regency, which found the golden moment when Kangjeng Pancaniti becomes the regent of Cianjur.

The materials for Cianjuran Sundanese songs are dangdings, which is built on Pupuh Kinanti, Asmarandana, Sinom, and Dangdanggula. For several special songs (especially for degung), there are a couple of songs which use Pupuh Durma and Wirangrong.

Cianjuran Sundanese Song has four harmonies; there are Pelog, Sorog, Mandalungan and also Salendro. Those four Harmonies are accommodating into six Wanda such as Papantunan, Jejemplangan, Dedegungan, Rarancagan, Kakawen and also Panambah. To some expert, sometimes it appears Wanda Mangu-mangu. In Wanda Mangu-mangu as an expert of Cianjuran song R. Ace Hasan Su’eb there are Mangu-mangu, Tejamantri, Salaka Domas, and Goyong.

* RONGGENG GUNUNG

Ronggeng Gunung is a traditional art that grow in Banjarsari, Ciamis.
It is called Ronggeng Gunung because this art only handed down from one generation to the next in mountainous area of South Ciamis. It is the different between Ronggeng Gunung and Ronggeng Kaleran or Tayub, which grow furthermore. This “buhun” (old) art is on their brink of extinction. The broke up of sinden Ronggeng Gunung generation caused by an opinion, which said that, this art is ancient and difficult to learn.Ronggeng Gunung arena that caled “makalang“, this time took place n the site Astana Gede Kawali, Ciamis. Different from modern art, it doesn’t need much money to invite this Ronggeng Gunung group. Some people who ever invited this performance, the tariff is about Rp. 300.000 to Rp. 500.000 along the night.Beside the humourious and satiric song lyrics, something interest about Ronggeng Gunung is on the rhythm of Ibing dance. The pattern of Ronggeng dance has a regularity movement. Every movement changed according to the “lalaguan” (a kind of song) that presented by the sinden. In every performance of Roggeng Gunung the sinden usually present 12 songs. So, the dance that is done by the dancers also change 12 times. Ibing dance pattern of Roggeng Gunung focused on foot stepping. Rhythm and footstep pattern is not easily to follow. If there is any Roggeng Gunung show, the holder party always provides a room for the audience to dance together with the dancers.Ronggeng art is an entertainment that still has many fans in East and South Ciamis society. Wherever they perform, the show always attended by audience who seek for entertainment. Pakalangan always full of people whom follow “ngarengkenek” or ibing dance. They come from a long distance such as from Ciamis, Garut, Tasikmalaya, Bandung and Jakarta. Even more, the foreigners don’t want to miss this scarce “buhun” art performance.TRADITIONAL DANCE
Classic dance in this write is dance that accomply with Gamelan Salendro and movement which is taken from classic dance motifs such as Lenyepan dance, Ponggawa, or mask.

Kind of classic dance that is result from creation of artist dance and had populer in the past is Tari Merak, Tari Kijang, Tari Kukupu, Kartika Puspa, etc. the different between classic dance and Jaipongan dance is in its movement. Jaipongan dance dynamically and no need to base on motifs such as the move of Capang, Ukel, Tepaksoder, Jungkung Ilo, Galeong, Sirig, Gedig, etc.

* WAYANG GOLEK

While the famous Javanese puppet play wayang kulit utilizes shadow, the Sundanese wayang golek is a play with three-dimensional puppets.
The puppets have wooden heads fixed on sticks which pass through the body and on which the whole puppet is either held in the hand or stuck into a banana trunk when not in play. The arms are jointed and can be moved with separate small rods. The variety of movements that a skilled puppet player can have his puppets perform is quite astounding.Wayang GolekThough wayang golek is found in Central Java, it is more prevalent in West Java, blending entertainment with religious and philosophical overtones. Like wayang Wit, most plots of wayang golek are loosely based on the Indian Ramayana epos; only very few use stories of local origin. The struggle between good and evil is depicted in a number of characters, each reflecting a personality type determined by characteristic eyes, color of face, nose, hair do, and shape of headdress. Puppets depicting good characters feature slen¬der, pointed noses and slanted eyes that always politely look down; they speak in soft, gentle voices, display delicate, graceful movements, and tend to use mind over muscle in fight¬ing. Evil characters, on the other hand, have rough features, rudely staring eyes, and hairy chins; they speak in loud shrill voices and display wild and fierce movements. Providing slapstick and commentary are the clowns. One of them is the red-faced and easily rec¬ognizable character Cepot, a cigarette often drooping from his mouth. As in Javanese puppet play, it is the pup¬peteer (dalang) who handles all the puppets and provides the narration and the dialogue with all the various voices. Through rhythmic and verbal clues he also directs the gamelan music players placed behind him backstage.Wayang golek is often played as part of outdoor live entertainment for weddings, births, and circumcision ceremonies. It is also performed pub¬licly every Saturday night from 9 p.m. until 12 midnight in the Sindang Reret restaurant at Jl. Naripan No. 7, just off Jl. Braga; admission is free for diners. Other performances are held on the first and third Saturday nights of each month in the Rumentang Siang cul¬tural center, off Jl. A. Yani, right next to the Kosambi shopping center. These plays last until the early morning and are per¬formed in the Sundanese language, making it a very local affair.

* SUNDANESE CULTURE

The Sundanese of West Java are the second largest ethnic group of Indonesia. The Sundanese language is noted for its liberal use of colorful interjections.
Like Javanese, it features an intricate system of levels to indicate degrees of respect and formality. Likewise, through there are considerable differences between Sundanese and Javanese culture, they touch with respect to forms of literature, gamelan music, dance, and wayang (puppet play). Less influenced by the strong mysticism which characterizes the Kejawen culture of Central Java, the Sundanese are more strictly Islamic.Gamelan PerformanceSundanese culture features a variety of performing arts traditionally associated with different social strata. The refined forms of tembang sunda (sung poetry) and gamelan degung music were meant for aristocratic elite, whilst the catchier versions of gamelan salendro and dances like ketuk tilu and jaipongan used to entertain masses. Nowadays, as feodal tendencies diminish, differences blur. No matter for interested visitor – Sundanese performing arts are alive and well.

* TOLEAT

Toleat represent one of the breeze music type of Subang, ordinary toleat in playing by cowboy in north sea at the same time awaiting its. Initially toleat made of by bay materials (straw), because era growth and is durable of its materials hence now use materials bamboo tamiyang type.

Toleat has salendro fundamental tone and have eight tone and also has unique voice look like saxophone, its for looking like refined but having rit which in making of berenuk wood.

Toleat can be allied with a few other castanets type so that can yield unique and good music type, usually toleat allied with kendang and lute (kecapi), even this time toleat have in collaboration by means of modern music like keyboard.

* PANGANDARAN, KARANG NINI AND BATU HIU

This is the second beach resort area on the Indian Ocean after the Pelabuhan Ratu. It certainly equals the latter’s awe-inspiring natural beauty, however, it has the disadvantage of being so far off from Bandung and even more so from Jakarta. Road conditions are good, thus making a trip by car or bus recommendable. However, if you prefer to take the train, get into the Bandung-Yogyakarta Express train and get off at the Banjar railroad station about 4 hours later. From here it will be another 50 km by bus to Pangandaran. The beach is called Pananjung, where most of the cottages and hotels are located, however, of modest ratings. Nothing luxurious should be expected. Pangandaran is especially of interests to nature lovers, as there is a wildlife reserve in the vicinity where wild birds and other indegineous animals live about freely to be enjoyed by visitors. Here too, the white beaches are fine, the ocean over so blue and the seafood superb. Twelve kilometer before arriving at Pangandaran you will see a huge rock on the beach which is called Karang Nini. A forest conservation park is located right here, which is another place of special interest to nature lovers. Nearby is a camping ground which has basic facilities suitable for the younger set. Somewhat further out, west of Pangandaran, driving 23 km on the way to Parigi, lies Batu Hiu, meaning Shark’s Rock, which is a coastal rock having the shape of a shark. Closed to a recreation park is found where you can have an endless oven ocean view and enjoy nature at its best.

* GREEN CANYON

A half day river trip to Green Canyon offers an adventurous experience, westward to Cijulang village (15 km from Pangandaran).
3 km, past the village, is the Cijulang ob river. From here you can take a boat trip up the river to Green Canyon through dense woods in very cold water and a beautiful nature environment (rent for 70.000 rupiahs/$7.5). The river ends in a cavern blocked by huge rocky stones and high cliff that ressembles an underground tunnel full of stalactite and stalagmites.The tunnel us about 100 m long and above it water comes showering down from the tree roots. Here the water is calm and green and refreshingly cool to swim or search for the drip-stone cave in the rocks. The original name of Green Canyon is Cukang Taneuh. It was firstly explored in about 1993, A foreign tourist for the first time gave a name which now has become popular.Just a few kilometers from where you start a boat trip to Green Canyon is Batu Karas. From Pangandaran it is about a 45 minutes drive. You can find a tiny fishing village and a few bungalows. The waves is gentle and food for surfing. On the west side of the beach is a cliff which commands a wonderful view east along the coast.

* JATILUHUR DAM

Situated just about halfway between Jakarta and Bandung, this dam was originally built with French Technical assistance back in the fifties, mainly for the purpose of generating electrical power for the region. Since then the dam developed into a multi-purpose designated area as it now serves irrigation to the surrounding arable land and fishery as well. Somewhat later, tourism saw a potential area for development as it now provides convenient facilities such as swimming pools, tennis courts, a camping ground, speedboats for water skiing and cottages. The water surface is enormously vast, the scenery tropical, the air scrip and cool.

* PATENGGANG LAKE

One of the leading resorts is located in less than an hour by road to the south of the city. The eastern side of the lake is a cool forest having an average temperature of 10 degrees C and is often hazy the whole day. The north side is bordered by a lush tea estate, reaching far out to the west and south.

* BOGOR

Previously known as “Buitenzorg” (Sans saucis or without worries), during he Dutch colonial era, Bogor actually lies closer to Jakarta (50 km), than it does to Bandung (120 km). Appropriately named by the Dutch as a town “without worries”, they close Bogor to be the site for constructing the first palace of the Dutch Governor General way back in 1745. Later restored in 1832, the palace still stands solid and elegant today with its stretched out gardens where deer roam freely on the green grass under majestically tall old trees.

However, Bogor is famous because of its Botanical Garden which borders the Palace Grounds, covering in area of 87 hectares with thousands of species of plant-life from all over the world, including towering age old trees and the rarest kinds of orchids. See the original “Havea Brazilliansis” rubber tree, formerly imported from Brazil, and world’s largest flower, the Raflesia, a foul smelling and steam less as well as leafless plant. When visiting this garden, arrange a permit to visit the neighboring President Palace which belonged to the Dutch Governor General before Indonesia’s independence. Doing this may be a day-long visit by leaving from Jakarta in the morning and spend the night in the Puncak mountainous region on your way to Bandung the next day. Here again, the whole car trip will be memorable as scenic tropical beauty all around is really astonishing. You will also pass by another smaller President Palace at Cipanas, the setting of which is an a colorful and flowery vast garden around this wooden but stylish palace.

ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM

Exhibited in this Museum are mainly stuffed animals places behind vitrines or glases display cases, arranged as if these animals where alive in natural surroundings. It is located on Juanda Street in Bandung.

* CIBODAS BOTANICAL GARDEN

Located in the district of Pacet, 22 kilometers northwest of Cianjur, the Cibodas Garden Park, honored by its other name “Paradise on earth” impounds a 80-hectares area founded 1890 for nature preservation purpose.

* SAFARI PARK INDONESIA

Animals from all continents roam freely in this 315-hectare park, 75 km southeast of Jakarta-Bandung route.

Among the animals kept here are some comparatively rare species such as the Anoa, rhinos, giraffes, white tiger and European, American, as well as Asian bears adjacent to the park are recreational grounds with swimming pool, tennis court, a waterfall and children’s playground with facilities such as a circus arena, a house of horrors, a merry go-round and small circuit. There are also restaurants, cafetarias and other facilities.

* MARIBAYA

Since long known for its hot springs, Maribaya lies north of Bandung which can be reached within 30 minutes. The trip itself is worthwhile making, as you will pass through a picturesque road dotted with flowerly hills and lovely villas all the way. The mountain air is cool an the sulfur-laden water just a comfortable hot for swimming as well as for just soaking in. Part of the scenery is a 25 m high waterfall set against a step mountain cliff.